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对全国大学英语六级统考2000年6月份的试卷中第四部分改错题的第一处错误(总第71题)“...you could tell a well-mannered person on the way they occupied the space around them...”,不同的资料给出了不同的答案。其中颇具权威性的王长喜教授在所著六级《历年真题点评》中给出的答案为:将原句中的“on”改为“in”。错误在“on”上是毫无疑问的,但笔者认为改为“by”更好一些。究竟哪个更好,只需看一下“in”与“by”的用法即可。
“in”作为介词,在《牛津高阶双解词典》中有以下用法:

(1)indicating place 表示地方,例如:
She lives in a small village in France.
(2)indicating movement 表示移动(=into),例如:
He dipped his pen in the ink.
(3)during(a period of time)在(某段时间)内,例如:
in the 21st century
(4)after,during,for(a period of time)在(某段时间)内或后,例如:
He learnt to drive in three weeks.(= He could drive after three weeks.)
(5)forming the whole or partof(sth); contained within构成(某事物)的整体或部分;包含在……之内,例如:
There is a service charge included in the total.
(6)indicating ratio表示比率,例如:
a slope of one in five 1比5的坡度
(7)wearing穿戴,例如:
dressed in red
(8)indicating physical surroundings, circumstances,etc.表示具体的环境、情况等,例如:
in the rain /sun /cold
(9)indicating the state or condition ofsb./sth.表示某人/某事物的状态或状况,例如:
in order /a mess
(10)indicating form,shape,arrangement or quantities 表示形状、形式、安排或数量,例如:
a novel in three parts 一本分为三部分的小说
(11)indicating the medium,means, material,etc.表示媒体、手段、材料等例如:
speak in English write in pencil
(12)used to introduce the name of a particular person用以引出某人的姓名例如:
You've got a real trouble maker in Wilkins.你们有个Wilkins这个货真价实的捣乱分子。
(13)with reference to(sth.);regarding在(某)方面,关于,例如:
He is better than others in spelling.
(14)indicating sb.'s occupation,activity etc表示某人的职业、活动等,例如:
In saving a child from drowning,he nearly lost his own life.
“by”作为介词,在《牛津高阶双解词典》中有以下用法:
(1)near,beside在……附近,在……旁边
(2)passing through;across;along通过,顺着,越过例如:
We went to Paris by London.(=by way of London.)
(3)past经过例如:
He passed by me.
(4)not later than;before不迟于,在……之前例如:
Can you finish the work by five o’clock tomorrow?
(5)(usually without“the”)during(a period of time)or in(通常不用the)在(某时期)内,在(某种情况)下例如:
The view is best seen by moonlight.
(6)(usually without“the”)because of;through由于,凭借例如:
by chance /mistake /accident
(7)indicating a means of transportor a route taken表示运输或取道的方式例如:
travel by boat/air /ship
(8)with the action of(doing sth.)以(做某事)的行动例如:
Let me begin by saying...
(9)indicating the part of the body or an item of clothing touched,held,etc.表示被抓砖触及的身体或衣物某处例如:
catch him by the hand
(10)using(sth.)as a standard or unit以(某物)作为标准或单位例如:
rent a house by the month
(11)to the extent of到……的程度例如:
The bullet missed him by two inches.
(12)according to,from the evidence of按照,根据例如:
I could tell by the look on her face that something terrible had happened.
“in”与“by”的用法其实还不止这些。

我们再来看一下原题:“...you could tell a well-mannered person on the way they occupied the space around them...”这句话的意思是说:“你可以从他们占据周围空间的方式上辨认出一个行为端正(好行为)的人。”从上面“in”与“by”的用法来看,很显然,“by”的第12条用法比较符合题目意思,而“in”则不太合适。